This article is available to members only. Please enjoy the abstract for free. Subscribe for instant access to the full article.

This content is restricted to subscribers

Continue Reading...

Did you know members enjoy unlimited free PDF downloads as part of their subscription? Subscribe today for instant access to this article and our entire library in your preferred format. Alternatively, you can purchase the PDF of this article individually.

Subscribe Now

Already a member? Login

Purchase PDF for $40

Members enjoy free PDF downloads on all articles. Join today

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  2. Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  4. Corresponding Author: Erkki T. Isometsä, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland ([email protected]).
  1. O’Connor RC, Nock MK. The psychology of suicidal behaviour. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014;1(1):73–85. PubMed CrossRef
  2. Shneidman ES. Suicide as Psychache: A Clinical Approach to Self-Destructive Behavior. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.; 1993. PubMed CrossRef
  3. Klonsky ED, Pachkowski MC, Shahnaz A, et al. The three-step theory of suicide: description, evidence, and some useful points of clarification. Prev Med. 2021;152(pt 1):106549. PubMed CrossRef
  4. Ducasse D, Holden RR, Boyer L, et al. Psychological pain in suicidality: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2018;79(3):16r10732. PubMed CrossRef
  5. Baryshnikov I, Isometsä E. Psychological pain and suicidal behavior: a review. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:981353. PubMed CrossRef
  6. Ballard ED, Farmer CA, Gerner J, et al. Prospective association of psychological pain and hopelessness with suicidal thoughts. J Affect Disord. 2022;308:243–248. PubMed CrossRef
  7. Tsai M, Lari H, Saffy S, et al. Examining the three-step theory (3ST) of suicide in a prospective study of adult psychiatric inpatients. Behav Ther. 2021;52(3):673–685. PubMed CrossRef
  8. Baryshnikov I, Rosenström T, Jylhä P, et al. Role of hopelessness in suicidal ideation among patients with depressive disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2020;81(2):19m12866. PubMed CrossRef
  9. Kivelä L, van der Does WAJ, Riese H, et al. Don’t miss the moment: a systematic review of ecological momentary assessment in suicide research. Front Digit Health. 2022;4:876595. PubMed CrossRef
  10. Kleiman EM, Nock MK. Real-time assessment of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Curr Opin Psychol. 2018;22:33–37. PubMed CrossRef
  11. Kraemer HC, Gullion CM, Rush AJ, et al. Can state and trait variables be disentangled? A methodological framework for psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res. 1994;52(1):55–69. PubMed CrossRef
  12. Söderholm JJ, Socada JL, Rosenström T, et al. Borderline personality disorder with depression confers significant risk of suicidal behavior in mood disorder patients—a comparative study. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:290. PubMed CrossRef
  13. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR). American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
  14. Stanley B, Siever LJ. The interpersonal dimension of borderline personality disorder: toward a neuropeptide model. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167(1):24–39. PubMed CrossRef
  15. Flasbeck V, Moser D, Kumsta R, et al. The OXTR single-nucleotide polymorphism rs53576 moderates the impact of childhood maltreatment on empathy for social pain in female participants: evidence for differential susceptibility. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:359. PubMed CrossRef
  16. Gunderson JG, Herpertz SC, Skodol AE, et al. Borderline personality disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:18029. PubMed CrossRef
  17. Flasbeck V, Enzi B, Brüne M. Altered empathy for psychological and physical pain in borderline personality disorder. J Pers Disord. 2017;31(5):689–708. PubMed CrossRef
  18. Fertuck EA, Karan E, Stanley B. The specificity of mental pain in borderline personality disorder compared to depressive disorders and healthy controls. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2016;3:2. PubMed CrossRef
  19. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases. 10th ed. World Health Organization; 1992.
  20. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59(suppl 20):22–33;quiz 34–57. PubMed
  21. First MB, Gibbon M, Spitzer RL, et al. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). American Psychiatric Press, Inc.; 1997.
  22. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–613. PubMed CrossRef
  23. Norman SB, Hami Cissell S, Means-Christensen AJ, et al. Development and validation of an Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS). Depress Anxiety. 2006;23(4):245–249. PubMed CrossRef
  24. Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Amundsen A, et al. Alcohol consumption and related problems among primary health care patients: WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption—I. Addiction. 1993;88(3):349–362. PubMed CrossRef
  25. Zanarini MC, Vujanovic AA, Parachini EA, et al. A screening measure for BPD: the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD). J Pers Disord. 2003;17(6):568–573. PubMed CrossRef
  26. Hirschfeld RM, Williams JB, Spitzer RL, et al. Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: the mood disorder questionnaire. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(11):1873–1875. PubMed CrossRef
  27. Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, et al. The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1974;42(6):861–865. PubMed CrossRef
  28. Jollant F, Voegeli G, Kordsmeier NC, et al. A visual analog scale to measure psychological and physical pain: a preliminary validation of the PPP-VAS in two independent samples of depressed patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019;90:55–61. PubMed CrossRef
  29. Olié E, Guillaume S, Jaussent I, et al. Higher psychological pain during a major depressive episode may be a factor of vulnerability to suicidal ideation and act. J Affect Disord. 2010;120(1-3):226–230. PubMed CrossRef
  30. Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, et al. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw. 2015;67(1):1–48. CrossRef
  31. Gelman A, Hill J. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge University Press; 2007.
  32. Hamaker EL, Muthén B. The fixed versus random effects debate and how it relates to centering in multilevel modeling. Psychol Methods. 2020;25(3):365–379. PubMed CrossRef
  33. Hedeker D, Mermelstein RJ, Berbaum ML, et al. Modeling mood variation associated with smoking: an application of a heterogeneous mixed-effects model for analysis of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data. Addiction. 2009;104(2):297–307. PubMed CrossRef
  34. Troister T, Holden RR. A two-year prospective study of psychache and its relationship to suicidality among high-risk undergraduates. J Clin Psychol. 2012;68(9):1019–1027. PubMed CrossRef
  35. Alacreu-Crespo A, Guillaume S, Richard-Devantoy S, et al. Clinical dimensions associated with psychological pain in suicidal patients: one-year follow-up study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2022;83(2):21m14065. PubMed CrossRef
  36. Ducasse D, Courtet P, Olié E. Physical and social pains in borderline disorder and neuroanatomical correlates: a systematic review. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014;16(5):443. PubMed CrossRef
  37. Trull TJ, Solhan MB, Tragesser SL, et al. Affective instability: measuring a core feature of borderline personality disorder with ecological momentary assessment. J Abnorm Psychol. 2008;117(3):647–661. PubMed CrossRef