This article is available to members only. Please enjoy the abstract for free. Subscribe for instant access to the full article.

This content is restricted to subscribers

Continue Reading...

Did you know members enjoy unlimited free PDF downloads as part of their subscription? Subscribe today for instant access to this article and our entire library in your preferred format. Alternatively, you can purchase the PDF of this article individually.

Subscribe Now

Already a member? Login

Purchase PDF for $40

Members enjoy free PDF downloads on all articles. Join today

  1. Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
  2. Corresponding author: Y. Nina Gao, MD, PhD, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032 ([email protected]).
  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
  4. Geisinger Steele Institute for Health Innovation, Danville, Pennsylvania
  5. Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
  6. Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policy Research, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
  7. Columbia University Division on Substance Use Disorders and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
  1. Binder RL, McNiel DE. Emergency psychiatry: contemporary practices in managing acutely violent patients in 20 psychiatric emergency rooms. Psychiatr Serv. 1999;50(12):1553–1554. PubMed CrossRef
  2. Sullivan C, Yuan C. Workplace assaults on minority health and mental health care workers in Los Angeles. Am J Public Health. 1995;85(7):1011–1014. PubMed CrossRef
  3. Sullivan C, Yuan C. Workplace assaults on minority health and mental health care workers in Los Angeles. Am J Public Health. 1995;85(7):1011–1014. PubMed CrossRef
  4. Sanghani SN, Marsh AN, John M, et al. Characteristics of patients involved in physical assault in an acute inpatient psychiatric setting. J Psychiatr Pract. 2017;23(4):260–269. PubMed CrossRef
  5. The Joint Commission. Physical and verbal violence against health care workers. Available at: https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/idev-imports/topics-assets/workplace-violence-prevention-implementing-strategies-for-safer-healthcare-organizations/sea_59_workplace_violence_4_13_18_finalpdf.pdf. Cited Feb 18, 2021.
  6. Biancosino B, Delmonte S, Grassi L, et al; PROGRES-Acute Group. Violent behavior in acute psychiatric inpatient facilities: a national survey in Italy. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009;197(10):772–782. PubMed CrossRef
  7. Raja M, Azzoni A, Lubich L. Aggressive and violent behavior in a population of psychiatric inpatients. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1997;32(7):428–434. PubMed
  8. Iozzino L, Ferrari C, Large M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of violence by psychiatric acute inpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0128536. PubMed CrossRef
  9. Edwards JG, Jones D, Reid WH, et al. Physical assaults in a psychiatric unit of a general hospital. Am J Psychiatry. 1988;145(12):1568–1571. PubMed CrossRef
  10. Grassi L, Peron L, Marangoni C, et al. Characteristics of violent behaviour in acute psychiatric in-patients: a 5-year Italian study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001;104(4):273–279. PubMed CrossRef
  11. Soliman AE, Reza H. Risk factors and correlates of violence among acutely ill adult psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatr Serv. 2001;52(1):75–80. PubMed CrossRef
  12. Lehmann LS, McCormick RA, Kizer KW. A survey of assaultive behavior in Veterans Health Administration facilities. Psychiatr Serv. 1999;50(3):384–389. PubMed CrossRef
  13. Krakowski M, Czobor P. Gender differences in violent behaviors: relationship to clinical symptoms and psychosocial factors. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(3):459–465. PubMed CrossRef
  14. Hillbrand M, Foster HG, Spitz RT. Characteristics and cost of staff injuries in a forensic hospital. Psychiatr Serv. 1996;47(10):1123–1125. PubMed CrossRef
  15. Cornaggia CM, Beghi M, Pavone F, et al. Aggression in psychiatry wards: a systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2011;189(1):10–20. PubMed CrossRef
  16. Goedhard LE, Stolker JJ, Heerdink ER, et al. Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of aggressive behavior in general adult psychiatry: a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(7):1013–1024. PubMed CrossRef
  17. Lam JN, McNiel DE, Binder RL. The relationship between patients’ gender and violence leading to staff injuries. Psychiatr Serv. 2000;51(9):1167–1170. PubMed CrossRef
  18. Dietz PE, Rada RT. Battery incidents and batterers in a maximum security hospital. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39(1):31–34. PubMed CrossRef
  19. Owen C, Tarantello C, Jones M, et al. Violence and aggression in psychiatric units. Psychiatr Serv. 1998;49(11):1452–1457. PubMed CrossRef
  20. Ketelsen R, Zechert C, Driessen M, et al. Characteristics of aggression in a German psychiatric hospital and predictors of patients at risk. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2007;14(1):92–99. PubMed CrossRef
  21. Stowell KR, Hughes NP, Rozel JS. Violence in the emergency department. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2016;39(4):557–566. PubMed CrossRef
  22. Lawrence RE, Rolin SA, Looney DV, et al. Physical assault in the psychiatry emergency room. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2020;48(4):484–495. PubMed
  23. Hedeker DR, Gibbons RD. Longitudinal Data Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience; 2006.
  24. Ball R, Brown P. An empirical evaluation of accounting income numbers. J Account Res. 1968;6(2):159. CrossRef
  25. Amore M, Menchetti M, Tonti C, et al. Predictors of violent behavior among acute psychiatric patients: clinical study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008;62(3):247–255. PubMed CrossRef
  26. Lavelle S, Tusaie KR. Reflecting on forced medication. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2011;32(5):274–278. PubMed CrossRef
  27. Georgieva I, Mulder CL, Wierdsma A. Patients’ preference and experiences of forced medication and seclusion. Psychiatr Q. 2012;83(1):1–13. PubMed CrossRef
  28. Hankin CS, Bronstone A, Koran LM. Agitation in the inpatient psychiatric setting: a review of clinical presentation, burden, and treatment. J Psychiatr Pract. 2011;17(3):170–185. PubMed CrossRef
  29. Bowden CL, Brugger AM, Swann AC, et al; The Depakote Mania Study Group. Efficacy of divalproex vs lithium and placebo in the treatment of mania. JAMA. 1994;271(12):918–924. PubMed CrossRef
  30. Simpson SA, Joesch JM, West II, et al. Risk for physical restraint or seclusion in the psychiatric emergency service (PES). Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2014;36(1):113–118. PubMed CrossRef
  31. Arnetz JE, Hamblin L, Ager J, et al. Underreporting of workplace violence: comparison of self-report and actual documentation of hospital incidents. Workplace Health Saf. 2015;63(5):200–210. PubMed CrossRef
  32. Sarver WL, Radziewicz R, Coyne G, et al. Implementation of the brøset violence checklist on an acute psychiatric unit. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2019;25(6):476–486. PubMed CrossRef
  33. Anderson KK, Jenson CE. Violence risk-assessment screening tools for acute care mental health settings: literature review. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2019;33(1):112–119. PubMed CrossRef
  34. Chang G, Weiss AP, Orav EJ, et al. Hospital variability in emergency department length of stay for adult patients receiving psychiatric consultation: a prospective study. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(2):127–136.e1. PubMed CrossRef
  35. Zhu JM, Singhal A, Hsia RY. Emergency department length-of-stay for psychiatric visits was significantly longer than for nonpsychiatric visits, 2002–11. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35(9):1698–1706. PubMed CrossRef