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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a long history, although the name appeared first in 1980 when the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) was published.1 Earlier literature refers to conditions that are essentiallythe same as PTSD by different names.For example, such terms as effort syndrome, DaCosta’s syndrome, and railway spinewere all very fashionable in the 19th century.