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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder of high prevalenceand morbidity. ADHD is a heterogenous condition whose etiology is substantially unknown, and treatment remains far from optimal. Comorbidity with other psychiatricdisorders seriously complicates clinical management. Clearly, ADHD is a majorclinical and public health problem. In this context, more research is desperatelyneeded to improve the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD and to gain a greater understandingof its causes.