Identifying Pediatric Mood Disorders From Transdiagnostic Polygenic Risk Scores: A Study of Children and Adolescents

References (43)

1. Gore FM, Bloem PJ, Patton GC, et al. Global burden of disease in young people aged 10–24 years: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2011;377(9783):2093–2102. PubMed CrossRef
2. Costello EJ, Copeland W, Cowell A, et al. Service costs of caring for adolescents with mental illness in a rural community, 1993–2000. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(1):36–42. PubMed CrossRef
3. Kraus C, Kadriu B, Lanzenberger R, et al. Prognosis and improved outcomes in major depression: a review. Focus Am Psychiatr Publ. 2020;18(2):220–235. PubMed CrossRef
4. Ghio L, Gotelli S, Marcenaro M, et al. Duration of untreated illness and outcomes in unipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2014;152-154:45–51. PubMed CrossRef
5. Hung CI, Liu CY, Yang CH. Untreated duration predicted the severity of depression at the two-year follow-up point. PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0185119. PubMed CrossRef
6. Bukh JD, Bock C, Vinberg M, et al. The effect of prolonged duration of untreated depression on antidepressant treatment outcome. J Affect Disord. 2013;145(1):42–48. PubMed CrossRef
7. Berk M, Brnabic A, Dodd S, et al. Does stage of illness impact treatment response in bipolar disorder? empirical treatment data and their implication for the staging model and early intervention. Bipolar Disord. 2011;13(1):87–98. PubMed CrossRef
8. Biederman J, Newcorn J, Sprich S. Comorbidity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In: Task Force on DSM-IV, ed. Source Book for DSM-IV. American Psychiatric Association; 1990:145–162.
9. Neuman RJ, Heath A, Reich W, et al; Madden PAF. Latent class analysis of ADHD and comorbid symptoms in a population sample of adolescent female twins. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;42(7):933–942. PubMed CrossRef
10. Smoller JW, Andreassen OA, Edenberg HJ, et al. Psychiatric genetics and the structure of psychopathology. Mol Psychiatry. 2019;24(3):409–420. PubMed CrossRef
11. Anttila V, Bulik-Sullivan B, Finucane HK, et al; Brainstorm Consortium. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain. Science. 2018;360(6395):eaap8757. PubMed CrossRef
12. Radonjić NV, Hess JL, Rovira P, et al. Structural brain imaging studies offer clues about the effects of the shared genetic etiology among neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(6):2101–2110. PubMed CrossRef
13. Nunnally JC. Psychometric Theory. McGraw Hill; 1978.
14. Faraone SV, Biederman J. Do attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depression share familial risk factors? J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997;185(9):533–541. PubMed CrossRef
15. Nigg JT, Karalunas SL, Gustafsson HC, et al. Evaluating chronic emotional dysregulation and irritability in relation to ADHD and depression genetic risk in children with ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2020;61(2):205–214. PubMed CrossRef
16. Demontis D, Walters RK, Martin J, et al; ADHD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC); Early Lifecourse & Genetic Epidemiology (EAGLE) Consortium; 23andMe Research Team. Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Genet. 2019;51(1):63–75. PubMed CrossRef
17. Demontis D, Walters RK, Rajagopal VM, et al; ADHD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). Risk variants and polygenic architecture of disruptive behavior disorders in the context of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):576. PubMed CrossRef
18. Anney RJ, Lasky-Su J, O’Dúshláine C, et al. Conduct disorder and ADHD: evaluation of conduct problems as a categorical and quantitative trait in the international multicentre ADHD genetics study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2008;147B(8):1369–1378. PubMed CrossRef
19. Zhang-James Y, Faraone SV. Genetic architecture for human aggression: a study of gene-phenotype relationship in OMIM. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2016;171(5):641–649. PubMed CrossRef
20. Schiweck C, Arteaga-Henriquez G, Aichholzer M, et al. Comorbidity of ADHD and adult bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;124:100–123. PubMed CrossRef
21. van Hulzen KJE, Scholz CJ, Franke B, et al; PGC ADHD Working Group; PGC Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Genetic overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder: evidence from genome-wide association study meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2017;82(9):634–641. PubMed CrossRef
22. Biederman J, Green A, DiSalvo M, et al. Can polygenic risk scores help identify pediatric bipolar spectrum and related disorders? a systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2021;299:113843. PubMed CrossRef
23. Biederman J, Faraone S, Milberger S, et al. A prospective 4-year follow-up study of attention-deficit hyperactivity and related disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53(5):437–446. PubMed CrossRef
24. Biederman J, Monuteaux MC, Mick E, et al. Psychopathology in females with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a controlled, five-year prospective study. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60(10):1098–1105. PubMed CrossRef
25. Wilens TE, Biederman J, Adamson JJ, et al. Further evidence of an association between adolescent bipolar disorder with smoking and substance use disorders: a controlled study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008;95(3):188–198. PubMed CrossRef
26. Wozniak J, Faraone SV, Martelon M, et al. Further evidence for robust familiality of pediatric bipolar I disorder: results from a very large controlled family study of pediatric bipolar I disorder and a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(10):1328–1334. PubMed CrossRef
27. Faraone SV, Biederman J, Doyle A, et al. Neuropsychological studies of late onset and subthreshold diagnoses of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60(10):1081–1087. PubMed CrossRef
28. Faraone SV, Doyle AE, Lasky-Su J, et al. Linkage analysis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2008;147B(8):1387–1391. PubMed CrossRef
29. Orvaschel H, Puig-Antich J. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children: Epidemiologic Version. Nova University; 1987.
30. Stahl EA, Breen G, Forstner AJ, et al; eQTLGen Consortium; BIOS Consortium; Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder. Nat Genet. 2019;51(5):793–803. PubMed CrossRef
31. Wray NR, Ripke S, Mattheisen M, et al; eQTLGen; 23andMe; Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression. Nat Genet. 2018;50(5):668–681. PubMed CrossRef
32. Purcell SM, Wray NR, Stone JL, et al; International Schizophrenia Consortium. Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nature. 2009;460(7256):748–752. PubMed CrossRef
33. Elam KK, Chassin L, Pandika D. Polygenic risk, family cohesion, and adolescent aggression in Mexican American and European American families: developmental pathways to alcohol use. Dev Psychopathol. 2018;30(5):1715–1728. PubMed CrossRef
34. Vaudreuil CAH, Faraone SV, Di Salvo M, et al. The morbidity of subthreshold pediatric bipolar disorder: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Bipolar Disord. 2019;21(1):16–27. PubMed CrossRef
35. Price AL, Patterson NJ, Plenge RM, et al. Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet. 2006;38(8):904–909. PubMed CrossRef
36. DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44(3):837–845. PubMed CrossRef
37. StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. College Station, Texas: StataCorp LLC; 2019.
38. Levitan RD, Zhang CXW, Knight JA, et al. Using precision medicine with a neurodevelopmental perspective to study inflammation and depression. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020;22(12):87. PubMed CrossRef
39. Muntaner-Mas A, Ortega FB, Femia P, et al. Low cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity for ADHD in childhood and adolescence: a 6-year cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021;31(4):903–913. PubMed CrossRef
40. Chen Q, Hartman CA, Kuja-Halkola R, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and clinically diagnosed obesity in adolescence and young adulthood: a register-based study in Sweden. Psychol Med. 2019;49(11):1841–1849. PubMed CrossRef
41. Chen Q, Hartman CA, Haavik J, et al. Common psychiatric and metabolic comorbidity of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a population-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0204516. PubMed CrossRef
42. Li J, Pan C, Zhang S, et al. Decoding the genomics of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cell. 2018;174(6):1361–1372.e10. PubMed CrossRef
43. Xu M, Tantisira KG, Wu A, et al. Genome wide association study to predict severe asthma exacerbations in children using random forests classifiers. BMC Med Genet. 2011;12(1):90. PubMed CrossRef