Relationship Between Exposure to Emotional Neglect and the Inflammatory Biomarkers Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte, Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte, and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis

References (69)

1. Edwards VJ, Holden GW, Felitti VJ, et al. Relationship between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health in community respondents: results from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(8):1453–1460. PubMed CrossRef
2. Goodwin RD, Stein MB. Association between childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States. Psychol Med. 2004;34(3):509–520. PubMed CrossRef
3. Matheson SL, Shepherd AM, Pinchbeck RM, et al. Childhood adversity in schizophrenia: a systematic meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2013;43(2):225–238. PubMed CrossRef
4. McGrath JJ, Saha S, Lim CCW, et al. Trauma and psychotic experiences: transnational data from the World Mental Health survey. Br J Psychiatry. 2017;211(6):373–380. PubMed CrossRef
5. Varese F, Smeets F, Drukker M, et al. Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective-and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophr Bull. 2012;38(4):661–671. PubMed CrossRef
6. Mayo D, Corey S, Kelly LH, et al. The role of trauma and stressful life events among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: a review. Front Psychiatry. 2017;8:55. PubMed
7. Aas M, Dieset I, Hope S, et al. Childhood maltreatment severity is associated with elevated C-reactive protein and body mass index in adults with schizophrenia and bipolar diagnoses. Brain Behav Immun. 2017;65:342–349. PubMed CrossRef
8. Baumeister D, Akhtar R, Ciufolini S, et al. Childhood trauma and adulthood inflammation: a meta-analysis of peripheral C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21(5):642–649. PubMed CrossRef
9. Chase KA, Melbourne JK, Rosen C, et al. Traumagenics: at the intersect of childhood trauma, immunity and psychosis. Psychiatry Res. 2019;273:369–377. PubMed CrossRef
10. Coelho R, Viola TW, Walss-Bass C, et al. Childhood maltreatment and inflammatory markers: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;129(3):180–192. PubMed CrossRef
11. Hepgul N, Pariante CM, Dipasquale S, et al. Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased body mass index and increased C-reactive protein levels in first-episode psychosis patients. Psychol Med. 2012;42(9):1893–1901. PubMed CrossRef
12. Di Nicola M, Cattaneo A, Hepgul N, et al. Serum and gene expression profile of cytokines in first-episode psychosis. Brain Behav Immun. 2013;31:90–95. PubMed
13. Dennison U, McKernan D, Cryan J, et al. Schizophrenia patients with a history of childhood trauma have a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Psychol Med. 2012;42(9):1865–1871. PubMed CrossRef
14. Mondelli V, Cattaneo A, Murri MB, et al. Stress and inflammation reduce brain derived neurotrophic factor expression in first-episode psychosis: a pathway to smaller hippocampal volume. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(12):1677–1684. PubMed CrossRef
15. Braehler C, Holowka D, Brunet A, et al. Diurnal cortisol in schizophrenia patients with childhood trauma. Schizophr Res. 2005;79(2–3):353–354. PubMed CrossRef
16. Cicchetti D, Walker EF. Editorial: stress and development: biological and psychological consequences. Dev Psychopathol. 2001;13(3):413–418. PubMed
17. Read J, Perry BD, Moskowitz A, et al. The contribution of early traumatic events to schizophrenia in some patients: a traumagenic neurodevelopmental model. Psychiatry Interpers Biol Process. 2001;64(4):319–345. PubMed CrossRef
18. Aiello G, Horowitz M, Hepgul N, et al. Stress abnormalities in individuals at risk for psychosis: a review of studies in subjects with familial risk or with “at risk” mental state. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37(10):1600–1613. PubMed CrossRef
19. Baumeister D, Russell A, Pariante CM, et al. Inflammatory biomarker profiles of mental disorders and their relation to clinical, social and lifestyle factors. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014;49(6):841–849. PubMed CrossRef
20. Zunszain PA, Anacker C, Cattaneo A, et al. Interleukin-1β: a new regulator of the kynurenine pathway affecting human hippocampal neurogenesis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012;37(4):939–949. PubMed CrossRef
21. Šagud M, Madžarac Z, Nedic Erjavec G, et al. The associations of neutrophil–lymphocyte, platelet–lymphocyte, monocyte–lymphocyte ratios and immune-inflammation index with negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Biomolecules. 2023;13(2):297. PubMed
22. Faria SS, Fernandes PC Jr., Silva MJB, et al. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: a narrative review. Ecancermedicalscience. 2016;10:702. PubMed CrossRef
23. Tahto E, Jadric R, Pojskic L, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and its relation with markers of inflammation and myocardial necrosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Med Arch. 2017;71(5):312–315. PubMed CrossRef
24. Song M, Graubard BI, Rabkin CS, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in the United States general population. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):464. PubMed
25. Brinn A, Stone J. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio across psychiatric diagnoses: a cross sectional study using electronic health records. BMJ Open. 2020;10(7):e036859. PubMed CrossRef
26. Zahorec R. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, past, present and future perspectives. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2021;122(7):474–488. PubMed CrossRef
27. Lee JS, Kim NY, Na SH, et al. Reference values of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume in healthy adults in South Korea. Medicine. 2018;97(26):e11138. PubMed CrossRef
28. Mazza MG, Lucchi S, Rossetti A, et al. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in non-affective psychosis: a meta analysis and systematic review. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2020;21(5):326–338. PubMed CrossRef
29. Karageorgiou V, Milas GP, Michopoulos I. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res. 2019;206:4–12. PubMed CrossRef
30. Gercek HG, Citir BG, Bukulme A. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to lymphocyte ratios as inflammation markers for early-onset schizophrenia. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2023;124(7):503–507. PubMed
31. Garcia-Rizo C, Casanovas M, Fernandez-Egea E, et al. Blood cell count in antipsychotic-naive patients with non-affective psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2019;13(1):95–100. PubMed CrossRef
32. World Health Organization. ICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. World Health Organization; 2004.
33. Del Cacho N, Vila-Badia R, Butjosa A, et al. Sexual dysfunction in drug- naïve first episode nonaffective psychosis patients. Relationship with prolactin and psychotic symptoms. Gender differences. Psychiatry Res. 2020;289:112985. PubMed CrossRef
34. Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, et al. Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire. Child Abuse Negl. 2003;27(2):169–190. PubMed CrossRef
35. Hernandez A, Gallardo-Pujol D, Pereda N, et al. Initial validation of the Spanish childhood trauma questionnaire-short form: factor structure, reliability and association with parenting. J Interpers Violence. 2013;28(7):1498–1518. PubMed CrossRef
36. Bernstein DP, Fink L. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A Retrospective Self Report. Pearson; 1998.
37. Üçok A, Bıkmaz S. The effects of childhood trauma in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007;116(5):371–377. PubMed
38. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13(2):261–276. PubMed CrossRef
39. Peralta Martín V, Cuesta Zorita MJ. [Validation of positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) in a sample of Spanish schizophrenic patients]. Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr Cienc Afines. 1994;22(4):171–177. PubMed
40. Donnadieu-Rigole H, Mura T, Portales P, et al. Effects of alcohol withdrawal on monocyte subset defects in chronic alcohol users. J Leukoc Biol. 2016;100(5):1191–1199. PubMed CrossRef
41. Suárez-Pinilla P, López-Gil J, Crespo-Facorro B. Immune system: a possible nexus between cannabinoids and psychosis. Brain Behav Immun. 2014;40:269–282. PubMed
42. Riecher-Rössler A, Butler S, Kulkarni J. Sex and gender differences in schizophrenic psychoses-a critical review. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018;21(6):627–648. PubMed
43. Bailey T, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Garcia-Sanchez AM, et al. Childhood trauma is associated with severity of hallucinations and delusions in psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 2018;44(5):1111–1122. PubMed CrossRef
44. Kahn RS, Sommer IE. The neurobiology and treatment of first-episode schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2015;20(1):84–97. PubMed CrossRef
45. Braehler C, Valiquette L, Holowka D, et al. Childhood trauma and dissociation in first-episode psychosis, chronic schizophrenia and community controls. Psychiatry Res. 2013;210(1):36–42. PubMed CrossRef
46. Trauelsen AM, Bendall S, Jansen JE, et al. Childhood adversity specificity and dose-response effect in non-affective first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2015;165(1):52–59. PubMed CrossRef
47. Salokangas RKR, Schultze-Lutter F, Schmidt SJ, et al. Childhood physical abuse and emotional neglect are specifically associated with adult mental disorders. J Ment Health. 2020;29(4):376–384. PubMed CrossRef
48. Zhang X, Zhang M, Zeng M, et al. Childhood emotional neglect predicts empathic accuracy in social inclusion and exclusion contexts. Psych J. 2022;11(4):481–491. PubMed CrossRef
49. Aas M, Andreassen OA, Aminoff SR, et al. A history of childhood trauma is associated with slower improvement rates: findings from a one-year follow up study of patients with a first-episode psychosis. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16:126. PubMed CrossRef
50. Garcia M, Montalvo I, Creus M, et al. Sex differences in the effect of childhood trauma on the clinical expression of early psychosis. Compr Psychiatry. 2016;68:86–96. PubMed CrossRef
51. Mills P, Newman EF, Cossar J, et al. Emotional maltreatment and disordered eating in adolescents: testing the mediating role of emotion regulation. Child Abuse Negl. 2015;39:156–166. PubMed CrossRef
52. Chmielewski PP, Strzelec B. Elevated leukocyte count as a harbinger of systemic inflammation, disease progression, and poor prognosis: a review. Folia Morphol. 2018;77(2):171–178. PubMed CrossRef
53. Gibson PH, Croal BL, Cuthbertson BH, et al. Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and outcome from coronary artery bypass grafting. Am Heart J. 2007;154(5):995–1002. PubMed CrossRef
54. Varsak N, Aydin M, Eren İ. The evaluation of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with first episode psychosis İlk atak psikoz hastalarında nötrofil lenfosit oranının değerlendirilmesi. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2016;1(3):65–69.
55. Moody G, Miller BJ. Total and differential white blood cell counts and hemodynamic parameters in first-episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res. 2018;260:307–312. PubMed CrossRef
56. Steiner J, Frodl T, Schiltz K, et al. Innate immune cells and C-reactive protein in acute first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia: relationship to psychopathology and treatment. Schizophr Bull. 2020;46(2):363–373. PubMed CrossRef
57. Bustan Y, Drapisz A, Ben Dor DH, et al. Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in non-affective psychotic adolescent inpatients: evidence for early association between inflammation and psychosis. Psychiatry Res. 2018;262:149–153. PubMed CrossRef
58. Danese A, Tan M. Childhood maltreatment and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2014;19(5):544–554. PubMed CrossRef
59. Min MO, Minnes S, Kim H, et al. Pathways linking childhood maltreatment and adult physical health. Child Abuse Negl. 2013;37(6):361–373. PubMed CrossRef
60. Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS. Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29(1):415–445. PubMed CrossRef
61. Song G-M, Tian X, Shuai T, et al. Treatment of adults with treatment-resistant depression: electroconvulsive therapy plus antidepressant or electroconvulsive therapy alone? Evidence from an indirect comparison meta-analysis. Medicine. 2015;94(26):e1052. PubMed CrossRef
62. Li J, Chen Q, Luo X, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio positively correlates to age in healthy population. J Clin Lab Anal. 2015;29(6):437–443. PubMed CrossRef
63. Myles H, Myles N, Large M. Cannabis use in first episode psychosis: meta analysis of prevalence, and the time course of initiation and continued use. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2016;50(3):208–219. PubMed CrossRef
64. Quigley H, MacCabe JH. The relationship between nicotine and psychosis. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2019;9:2045125319859969. PubMed CrossRef
65. Hosseinzadeh A, Thompson PR, Segal BH, et al. Nicotine induces neutrophil extracellular traps. J Leukoc Biol. 2016;100(5):1105–1112. PubMed CrossRef
66. Myles N, Newall HD, Curtis J, et al. Tobacco use before, at, and after first-episode psychosis: a systematic meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(4):468–475. PubMed CrossRef
67. Andersen SL, Tomada A, Vincow ES, et al. Preliminary evidence for sensitive periods in the effect of childhood sexual abuse on regional brain development. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008;20(3):292–301. PubMed CrossRef
68. Fisher HL, Craig TK, Fearon P, et al. Reliability and comparability of psychosis patients’ retrospective reports of childhood abuse. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37(3):546–553. PubMed CrossRef
69. Davis JS, Lee HY, Kim J, et al. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in US adults: changes over time and by demographic. Open Heart. 2017;4(1):e000550. PubMed CrossRef