Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Life-Span Perspective

There is increasing scientific recognition that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), aheterogeneous disorder that carries a high risk of comorbidity, continues past childhood and adolescenceinto adulthood in many cases and may be underidentified in girls. The etiology of ADHD isunknown, although evidence from family studies of ADHD suggests a genetic origin for some formsof this disorder. A variety of pharmacologic agents are available in treating ADHD: stimulant medicationsremain the first-line treatment for noncomorbid ADHD, whereas tricyclic antidepressants andbupropion are recommended for stimulant nonresponders and patients with more than one psychiatricdisorder. Complex cases of ADHD, however, may require rational use of combined pharmacotherapy.