ADHD: Applying Practice Guidelines to Improve Patient Outcome and Executive Function.

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The neural networks in the brain responsible for attention, cognition, and executive functioning, as indicated by Joseph Biederman, M.D., include the prefrontal cortex (PFC), parietal cortex, cingulate gyrus, cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem reticular formation, and limbic structures such as the amygdala and the hippocampus. According to Dr. Biederman, disruptions in any of these circuits can produce problems with cognition and executive functioning. The cortices of attention are interconnected with each other as well as with subcortical regions of the brain involved in attention.