This article is available to members only. Please enjoy the abstract for free. Subscribe for instant access to the full article.
This content is restricted to subscribers
Continue Reading...
Did you know members enjoy unlimited free PDF downloads as part of their subscription? Subscribe today for instant access to this article and our entire library in your preferred format. Alternatively, you can purchase the PDF of this article individually.
Members enjoy free PDF downloads on all articles. Join today
Author Affiliations
Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Corresponding author: Stephanie G. Harshman, PhD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroendocrine Unit, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 ([email protected]).
Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Designates co-senior authors
Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Designates co-senior authors
References (56)
Chen Y-L, Chen WJ, Lin K-C, et al. Prevalence of DSM-5 mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of children in Taiwan: methodology and main findings. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2019;29:e15. PubMedCrossRef
Fisher MM, Rosen DS, Ornstein RM, et al. Characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents: a “new disorder” in DSM-5. J Adolesc Health. 2014;55(1):49–52. PubMedCrossRef
Cooney M, Lieberman M, Guimond T, et al. Clinical and psychological features of children and adolescents diagnosed with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in a pediatric tertiary care eating disorder program: a descriptive study. J Eat Disord. 2018;6(1):7. PubMedCrossRef
Eddy KT, Thomas JJ, Hastings E, et al. Prevalence of DSM-5 avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in a pediatric gastroenterology healthcare network. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48(5):464–470. PubMedCrossRef
Murray HB, Bailey AP, Keshishian AC, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in adult neurogastroenterology patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(9):1995–2002.e1. PubMedCrossRef
Eddy KT, Harshman SG, Becker KR, et al; Radcliffe ARFID Workgroup. Radcliffe ARFID Workgroup: toward operationalization of research diagnostic criteria and directions for the field. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):361–366. PubMedCrossRef
Strand M, von Hausswolff-Juhlin Y, Welch E. A systematic scoping review of diagnostic validity in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):331–360. PubMedCrossRef
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
Wakefield JC. Diagnostic issues and controversies in DSM-5: return of the false positives problem. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2016;12(1):105–132. PubMedCrossRef
Tandon R, Gaebel W, Barch DM, et al. Definition and description of schizophrenia in the DSM-5. Schizophr Res. 2013;150(1):3–10. PubMedCrossRef
Wiggins LD, Rice CE, Barger B, et al. DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder maximizes diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in preschool children. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2019;54(6):693–701. PubMedCrossRef
Attia E, Roberto CA. Should amenorrhea be a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa? Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(7):581–589. PubMedCrossRef
Thomas JJ, Roberto CA, Brownell KD. Eighty-five per cent of what? discrepancies in the weight cut-off for anorexia nervosa substantially affect the prevalence of underweight. Psychol Med. 2009;39(5):833–843. PubMedCrossRef
Zickgraf HF, Ellis JM. Initial validation of the Nine Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake disorder screen (NIAS): a measure of three restrictive eating patterns. Appetite. 2018;123:32–42. PubMedCrossRef
Bryant-Waugh R, Micali N, Cooke L, et al. Development of the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview, a multi-informant, semi-structured interview of feeding disorders across the lifespan: a pilot study for ages 10–22. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):378–387. PubMedCrossRef
Bailey KV, Ferro-Luzzi A. Use of body mass index of adults in assessing individual and community nutritional status. Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(5):673–680. PubMed
NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. The Practical Guide for Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. NIH Publication Number 00-4084. US Department of Health and Human Services; 2000.
WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Child Growth Standards—Length/Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age: Methods And Development. World Health Organization; 2006.
Le Grange D, Doyle PM, Swanson SA, et al. Calculation of expected body weight in adolescents with eating disorders. Pediatrics. 2012;129(2):e438–e446. PubMedCrossRef
Sherar LB, Mirwald RL, Baxter-Jones ADG, et al. Prediction of adult height using maturity-based cumulative height velocity curves. J Pediatr. 2005;147(4):508–514. PubMedCrossRef
White JV, Guenter P, Jensen G, et al; Academy Malnutrition Work Group; ASPEN Malnutrition Task Force; ASPEN Board of Directors. Consensus statement: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36(3):275–283. PubMedCrossRef
Becker P, Carney LN, Corkins MR, et al; Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Consensus statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: indicators recommended for the identification and documentation of pediatric malnutrition (undernutrition). Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(1):147–161. PubMedCrossRef
Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006.
Sharp WG, Postorino V, McCracken CE, et al. Dietary intake, nutrient status, and growth parameters in children with autism spectrum disorder and severe food selectivity: an electronic medical record review. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018;118(10):1943–1950. PubMedCrossRef
Willett WC, Sampson L, Stampfer MJ, et al. Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;122(1):51–65. PubMedCrossRef
Sonneville K, Duggan C. Manual of Pediatric Nutrition. 5th ed. Shelton, CT: People’s Publishing House—USA; 2014.
Braegger C, Decsi T, Dias JA, et al; ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Practical approach to paediatric enteral nutrition: a comment by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;51(1):110–122. PubMedCrossRef
Singhal S, Baker SS, Bojczuk GA, et al. Tube feeding in children. Pediatr Rev. 2017;38(1):23–34. PubMedCrossRef
Sharp WG, Jaquess DL, Morton JF, et al. Pediatric feeding disorders: a quantitative synthesis of treatment outcomes. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2010;13(4):348–365. PubMedCrossRef
Dunitz-Scheer M, Marinschek S, Beckenbach H, et al. Tube dependence: a reactive eating behavior disorder. Childhood Obestity and Nutrition. 2011;3(4):209–215. CrossRef
Dovey TM, Wilken M, Martin CI, et al. Definitions and clinical guidance on the enteral dependence component of the avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder diagnostic criteria in children. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018;42(3):499–507. PubMedCrossRef
Bohn K, Doll HA, Cooper Z, et al. The measurement of impairment due to eating disorder psychopathology. Behav Res Ther. 2008;46(10):1105–1110. PubMedCrossRef
Goodman R. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997;38(5):581–586. PubMedCrossRef
Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS. PedsQL 4.0: reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations. Med Care. 2001;39(8):800–812. PubMedCrossRef
Palermo TM, Long AC, Lewandowski AS, et al. Evidence-based assessment of health-related quality of life and functional impairment in pediatric psychology. J Pediatr Psychol. 2008;33(9):983–996, discussion 997–998. PubMedCrossRef
Abidin R. Parenting Stress Index. PAR; 2012.
Zucker N, Copeland W, Franz L, et al. Psychological and psychosocial impairment in preschoolers with selective eating. Pediatrics. 2015;136(3):e582–e590. PubMedCrossRef
Egger HL, Angold A. The Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA): a structured parent interview for diagnosing psychiatric disorders in preschool children. In: DelCarmen-Wiggins R, Carter A, eds. Handbook of Infant, Toddler, and Preschool Mental Health Assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2004:223–243.
Sysko R, Glasofer DR, Hildebrandt T, et al. The Eating Disorder Assessment for DSM-5 (EDA-5): development and validation of a structured interview for feeding and eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48(5):452–463. PubMedCrossRef
Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, et al. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36(7):980–988. PubMedCrossRef
Cooper Z, Cooper PJ, Fairburn CG. The validity of the Eating Disorder Examination and its subscales. Br J Psychiatry. 1989;154(6):807–812. PubMedCrossRef
Kambanis PE, Kuhnle MC, Wons OB, et al. Prevalence and correlates of psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with full and subthreshold avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(2):256–265. PubMedCrossRef
Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, et al. 2000 CDC growth charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11. 2002;(246):1–190. PubMed
Institute of Medicine Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary References Intakes for Vitamin K, Arsenic, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2001.
O’Connor SG, Ke W, Dzubur E, et al. Concordance and predictors of concordance of children’s dietary intake as reported via ecological momentary assessment and 24 h recall. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(6):1019–1027. PubMedCrossRef
Frankenfeld CL, Poudrier JK, Waters NM, et al. Dietary intake measured from a self-administered, online 24-hour recall system compared with 4-day diet records in an adult US population. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(10):1642–1647. PubMedCrossRef
Schakel SF. Maintaining a nutrient database in a changing marketplace: keeping pace with changing food products—a research perspective. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2001;14(3):315–322. CrossRef
Schakel SF, Buzzard IM, Gebhardt SE. Procedures for estimating nutrient values for food composition databases. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 1997;10(2):102–114. CrossRef
Schakel SF, Sievert YA, Buzzard IM. Sources of data for developing and maintaining a nutrient database. J Am Diet Assoc. 1988;88(10):1268–1271. PubMed
Zickgraf HF, Murray HB, Kratz HE, et al. Characteristics of outpatients diagnosed with the selective/neophobic presentation of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(4):367–377. PubMedCrossRef
Wortzel JR, Turner BE, Weeks BT, et al. Trends in mental health clinical research: characterizing the ClinicalTrials.gov registry from 2007–2018. PLoS One. 2020;15(6):e0233996. PubMedCrossRef
Becker AE, Hadley Arrindell A, Perloe A, et al. A qualitative study of perceived social barriers to care for eating disorders: perspectives from ethnically diverse health care consumers. Int J Eat Disord. 2010;43(7):633–647. PubMedCrossRef
Bird JK, Murphy RA, Ciappio ED, et al. Risk of deficiency in multiple concurrent micronutrients in children and adults in the United States. Nutrients. 2017;9(7):655. PubMedCrossRef
Kendler KS, Parnas J, Appelbaum PS. DSM-5.1: Perspectives on continuous improvement in diagnostic frameworks. In: Kendler KS, Parnas J, eds. Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry IV: Classification of Psychiatric Illness. Oxford University Press; 2017.